Thursday, 22 November 2012

Processor Terminology

Intel 4004 was the first single chip microprocessor,introduced in 1971.It had 8bit bus width,clock rate 740kHz. As we know Intel 8088 was the first PC microprocessor,which had 8bit of internal bus width,clock rate of 5-8MHz.It was a Silicon chip-embedded in a ceramic plat.It was introduced in the year 1979.Since then we have been introduced by many other processor such as Pentium 4, Core2 Duo, AMD Athlon etc. So here is a video where we can see the history of processors.
                                                             Processor History

Now there is a common question that,"How does a processor interact with a user?".The image below shows us how.
                                      


where CU-Control Unit
          BIU-Bus Interface Unit
          FPU-Floating Point Unit
          BPU-Branch Prediction Unit
          ALU-Arithmetic Logic Unit
          DU-Display Unit
          OS-Operating System
In the previous post we discussed about the working of a processor.

What is Hyperthreading?
The term refers to Intel's Hyper-Threading Technology(HTT).HTT is a form of simultaneous multithreading(SMT).So if a proceesor has multiple core,each core is able to do multitasking simultaneously,means it ables to do multiple instructions operating on separate data in parallel.Intel introduced a processor called "Pentium 4 HTT",which had hyperthreading technology and two cores in it.In actual there was physically one core,but logically it had two cores which were able to do multitasking simultaneously.

What is meant by Multicore?
A processor that exhibits a multicore architecture has multiple completely separate processor dies in the same chip.The operating system and applications see multiple processors in the same way that they see multiple processors in separate sockets.

What is CPU Throttling?(For Laptop/Notebook/Mobile devices)
CPU Throttling allows reducing the operating frequency of the CPU during times of less demand or during battery operation.Suppose we are working on our laptop,and the device is in our bed.The heat generated during our work can't go through properly from the device. So in that case the CPU itself slows down the operating frequency. So it is recommended to use these devices in plane desk or table.

Meaning of "CACHE"
Cache is a very fast chip memory that is used to hold data and instructions that are most likely to be requested next by the CPU. The cache is located in the CPU die. When the CPU requires outside information it requests the information from RAM. The cache controller intercepts the request and consults its tag RAM to discover if the information is already cached.

32-and 64-bit processors
the set of data lines between the CPU and the primary memory of the system can be 32 or 64 bits wide. The wider the bus,the more data can be can be processed per unit time,and the work can be performed.









http://achrohard.blogspot.in/2012/11/processor-terminology.html

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